促生长素抑制素样免疫反应在大白鼠弓状核和正中隆起的超微结构分布

本文用免疫电镜方法证明:促生长素抑制素样免疫反应神经末梢分布于弓状棱并与未标记的树突形成轴树突触。在正中隆起的纤维层和栅状层内均可见上述免疫反应末梢,大多数紧贴门脉毛细血管基底膜周围甚至穿入基底膜内。免疫反应末梢尚可与未标记的末梢形成轴轴突触样结构。     

毛丝鼠体温调节发育的研究

毛丝鼠幼仔,六日龄已基本上达到恒温水平。吮乳期幼仔的静止代谢率较威体高;二日龄前,代谢率变化不符合体表面积定律;二日龄后,趋向成年恒温动物代谢类型,而符合体表面积定律。幼仔在25℃环境的热能消耗比20℃时少。     

Antagonistic effect of interferon-beta on the interferon-gamma-induced expression of Ia antigen in murine macrophages

The cell surface expression of I region-associated (Ia) antigens by murine and human macrophages has been shown by investigators from a number of laboratories to be induced in a dose-dependent fashion by IFN-gamma, which is free of other lymphokines. The experiments described in this report demonstrate that fibroblast-derived IFN-beta exerts an antagonistic effect on IFN-gamma induced Ia expression in murine macrophages. Simultaneous addition of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma to peritoneal exudate macrophages results in decreased Ia expression when compared with macrophages treated with IFN-gamma only. Different sources of highly purified IFN-beta, as well as a recombinant human IFN-alpha (A/D Bgl; shown previously to be as active as IFN-beta in several other murine systems) acted in a similar antagonistic fashion to IFN-gamma-induced Ia induction. The down-regulation of Ia expression by IFN-beta is dose-dependent over a concentration range up to 100 U/ml. Time-course experiments indicated that for IFN-beta to down-regulate IFN-gamma-induced Ia, it had to be present either before stimulation with IFN-gamma or during the first 24 hr of simultaneous stimulation. Further experiments in which a highly specific antibody against IFN-alpha/beta was added to the cultures confirmed the findings of the time-course experiments. Inhibitors of the arachidonic acid pathway failed to reverse the effect of IFN-beta to reduce Ia antigen expression, which suggests that this inhibition is not prostaglandin mediated. Thus, these findings support a role for type I IFN as naturally occurring substances that negatively regulate the expression of class II molecules.     

Effects of Systemically Administered Lithium on Phosphoinositide Metabolism in Rat Brain, Kidney, and Testis

A single subcutaneous dose of 10 mEq/kg LiCl gives rise to an increase in the cerebral cortex level of myo-inositol-1-P (I1P) that closely follows cortical lithium levels and, at maximum, is 40-fold above the control value. Kidney and testis show smaller increases in I1P level following LiCl administration. The I1P level is still sixfold greater than that of untreated rat cortex 72 h later. In cortex, parallel increases also occur in myo-inositol-4-P (I4P) and myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic-P (cI1,2P), whereas myo-inositol-5-P (I5P) remains unchanged. The cortical increases in I1P and I4P levels are partially reversed by administering 150 mg/kg of atropine 22 h after the LiCl, treatment that does not affect cI1,2P. When doses of LiCl from 2 to 17 mEq/kg are given, the cerebral cortex levels of I1P and myo-inositol, measured 24 h later, are found to reach a plateau at about 9 mEq/kg of LiCl, whereas cortical lithium levels continued to increase with greater LiCl doses. Levels of all three of the brain phosphoinositides are unchanged by the 10 mEq/kg LiCl dose, as is the uptake of 32Pi into these lipids. Chronic dietary administration of LiCl for 22 days showed that the effects of lithium on I1P and myo-inositol levels persist for that period. Over the course of the chronic administration of the lithium, levels of I1P, myo-inositol, and of lithium in cortex remained significantly correlated. We believe that these increases in inositol phosphates result from endogenous phosphoinositide metabolism in cerebral cortex and that lithium is capable of modulating that metabolism by reducing cellular myo-inositol levels. The size of the effect is a function of both lithium dose and the degree of stimulation of receptor-linked phosphoinositide metabolism. This property of lithium may explain part of its ability to moderate the symptoms of mania. Our chronic study suggests that prolonged administration of LiCl does not result in compensatory changes in myo-inositol-1-P synthase or myo-inositol-1-phosphatase.     

Radioimmunoassay for fibroblast growth factor (FGF): release by the bovine anterior pituitary in vitro

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to measure fibroblast growth factor (FGF) using antiserum generated against a synthetic replicate of [Tyr¹⁰]FGF(1–10). The antisera, previously shown to be capable of inhibiting the biological action of FGF on bovine aortic arch endothelial cells in vitro [1], are highly specific for the amino-terminus of FGF. In the RIA, the antisera recognize the decapeptide antigen [Tyr¹⁰]FGF(1–10) and the intact mitogen on an equimolar basis and show less than 0.01% cross-reactivity with N-acetyl-[Tyr¹⁰]FGF(1–10).

Bovine adenohypophysial cells maintained in primary monolayer culture release and ir-FGF which is indistinguishable from the intact mitogen in as much as it is retained on heparin-Sepharose affinity columns and shows a dose-dependent and parallel displacement in RIA. The release of ir-FGF by the bovine adenohypophysis can be increased with forskolin (10⁻⁵ M) or KCl (50 mM). Preincubation of pituitary cells with 17β-estradiol has no measurable effects on basal ir-FGF, but increases the release after KCl treatment 2–3-fold. These results show that ir-FGF can be released by the bovine adenohypophysis in vitro and lend credence to the hypothesis that FGF plays a physiological role in the homeostatic mechanisms regulating mesoderm-derived cell growth.     

人体肝癌细胞系(SMMC-7721)的糖皮质激素受体以及糖皮质激素对酪氨酸转氨酶的诱导

本文以[~3H]Dex为配体,采用完整细胞GCR和核特异结合百分率的测定方法检测了人体肝癌细胞系(SMMC-7721)的GCR。实验表明,该细胞具有高亲和力、低容量、能与GC进行特异结合的Dex结合部位,该结合部位与[~3H]Dex结合后可向核内转位,因而具备了作为GCR的基本条件。但该细胞的GCR与正常细胞的GCR相比较亦有些差别,GC与受体结合后不能诱导TAT的生成。本文对上述改变的可能机理进行了讨论。     

癌症新型的诊疗靶点－APOBEC

APOBEC（“载脂蛋白质B mRNA编辑催化多肽”）是一类进化保守的胞苷脱氨酶家族。在人体内,已知含有保守的DNA胞嘧啶脱氨酶结构域的基因共有11种,包括AID、APOBEC1、APOBEC2、APOBEC3基因家族APOBEC3A、APOBEC3B、APOBEC3C、APOBEC3DE、APOBEC3F、APOBEC3G、APOBEC3H（分别称为A3A、A3B、A3C、A3D、A3F、A3G和A3H）和APOBEC4。APOBEC利用其脱氨酶活性通过与RNA和/或DNA结合,催化mRNA或使DNA中的胞嘧啶核苷酸转变为尿嘧啶,或者胞嘧啶核苷酸转变为胸腺嘧啶核苷酸,进而完成各自不同的功能。目前研究发现,AID及APOBEC3（A3s）的7种脱氨酶在人类的天然免疫和适应性免疫防御过程中发挥重要的作用,且在口腔癌,肺癌（腺癌和鳞状细胞癌）,结直肠癌和乳腺癌等的诊疗过程中具有重要的潜在应用价值。AID可以通过将胞嘧啶脱氨基成尿嘧啶,来启动SHM (体细胞超突变)和CSR (类别转换重组),进而在抗体多样性方面发挥作用。它的异常表达能够使B细胞淋巴瘤等恶性肿瘤的发病频率显著增加。而A3A、A3B通过胞嘧啶到尿嘧啶转换,以及自身表达量上调而在乳腺癌和肺癌诊疗中起作用。A3G通过APOBEC3G/miR 29/MMP2为了解结直肠癌肝转移和开发治疗晚期结肠癌的有效疗法开辟了新的途径。综上所述,本文将以AID,A3A,A3B,A3G为例子,对APOBEC在癌症诊断和治疗方面的应用进行综述,以期为进一步药物研究和临床应用等提供参考。     

新城疫病毒单克隆抗体的特性及应用

建立了8个分泌抗新城疫病毒(NDV)特异性单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株,根据它们的免疫生物学特性可以分为三种类型:(1)具有FA和ELISA特性(FN1、FN4、FN29、FN30、FN35、FNl22);(2)具有FA、ELISA和HI特性(FN7);(3)具有ELISA、HI特性和中和能力(FN106),根据FN30和FN106的ELISA试验,可将11个NDV毒株分为二种不同的抗原群,应用FN4-FITC,FN7-FITC和FN29-HRP试剂,对人工感染NDV和野外送检病例检测结果表明,单抗试剂的DFA阳性率(92.3％)高于病毒分离阳性率(87.2％),两种方法的符合率89.7％,这些单抗试剂用于临床诊断敏感性和特异性高,且方法快速、简便。     

杂交水稻干种子内存在α-淀粉酶

水稻种子萌发过程中的α-淀粉酶由盾片上皮细胞合成而运入胚乳(Okamoto等1979,1980),或由种胚分泌的赤霉素(GA_3)的触发作用在糊粉层中诱导形成(Murakami 1966,Ogawa 1966,Tangka等1970)。但迄今尚未见谷类作物干胚乳中预存有α-淀粉酶的报道(Daussant等1983,Tanaka等